Estudo de casos de manifestações orais de doenças infecciosas específicas em um centro de referência para diagnóstico de doenças de boca

Abstract

Introduction: The clinical and epidemiological knowledge of infectious diseases manifesting in the mouth is essential to establish preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Objectives: To verify the frequency of diagnosis and the demographic and clinical profile of patients with oral manifestations of paracoccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis and leishmaniasis, diagnosed from 2006 to 2018 in a reference service in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Methods: Information was collected on sex, age, occupation, habits (smoking / alcoholism), HIV co-infection, anatomical location, evolution time, and symptomatology of the lesions. Results: 33 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis, 12 of histoplasmosis, one of leishmaniasis were identified. Patients with paracoccidioidomycosis had an average of 48 years of age, predominantly men (94%), without a history of rural occupation (58%), with at least one habit between smoking and alcoholism (57%), the lesions had an average of 6 months of evolution, mainly on the palate (39%), ulcerated (39%) and painful (57%). Patients with histoplasmosis were on average 45 years old, predominantly men (92%), without rural occupation (57%), with some habit between smoking and alcoholism (42%), lesions had been present for an average of 6 months, mainly on the palate (33%), ulcerated (66%) and painful (58%). Only patients with histoplasmosis were found to be infected with HIV (25%). The patient with leishmaniasis was 57 years old, male, smoker and alcoholic, with a painful lesion on the palate for 8 months. Conclusions: the number of cases identified for each disease varies due to epidemiological and propaedeutic issues. The clinical-demographic profile of patients is very similar, except for the stronger association between HIV infection and histoplasmosis.