Projeto de linha industrial para o processamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos e produção de combustível derivado de resíduos para a gaseificação em reator termoquímico: análise experimental do Syngas para a produção de energia térmica e elétrica

Abstract

This work aimed to investigate the use of refuse-derived fuel (MRDF) from municipal solid waste (MSW) in a gasification process, using a pilot plant on a semi-industrial scale, aiming at the treatment of these residues and energy generation. The results obtained motivated the construction of a thermochemical plant in the municipality of Boa Esperança - MG, capable of converting MSW into electrical energy. To carry out this study, MSW from the municipality were collected. The samples were taken from the daily collection and also from the dump. Then they went through a standardization process, to control the particle size, composition and moisture content until obtaining the MRDF. The results obtained in the present work motivated the design of an industrial line for the conversion of MSW into MRDF. Energy and mass balances were carried out in the thermochemical reactor, based on experimental data from pilot plant to verify the thermal efficiency associated to the process. The volumetric composition, the lower heating value (LHV) and the density of the resulting synthesis gas (syngas) were determined from chromatographic analyses. The pilot plant's fluidized bed gasification system processed 7.1 ton / day of MRDF, in 4 days of testing, for a daily period of 8 h, producing 16.9 ton / day of synthesis gas with a LHV of 4, 6 MJ / kg, producing 26 wt% of ash. All experimental tests at the pilot plant were certified by accredited companies. During the combustion process of the syngas, it was found that the emissions had levels of pollution below the standards provided in national and international standards, demonstrating the viability of this technology in the conversion of MSW into renewable thermal and electrical energy. All experimental results were submitted to the Secretary of State and Environment and Sustainable Development of Minas Gerais (SEMAD), which approved and granted the installation and operation licenses for the thermochemical plant of Boa Esperança - MG.