Avaliação do efeito da geração distribuída na tarifa de energia: aspectos conceituais, regulamentares, metodológicos e propostas para uma solução de equilíbrio

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the adjustment of the tariff model that provides a balance (smallest change for each involved) between the payback of the prosumer's investments, the consumer's modicity tariffs and the return on the distributors' investments, due to the compensation of the energy produced by DG in Brazil. The thesis defended is that improving the already established tariffing model can minimize the impacts of the compensation of energy produced by DG for prosumers, consumers and distributors, which makes it possible to simultaneously meet the interests of these three parties involved. To this end, the changes that may occur for these three parties were analyzed according to the five regulatory alternatives indicated in Technical Note 62/2018 and two more proposals for this research, all analyzed without considering tariff flags, taxes and periodic tariff review. The sample consisted of 47 energy distributors that have consumer units with photovoltaic DG and data availability in the base year 2018. The method consisted of financial analysis and statistical analysis. The results confirmed that the seven proposed scenarios (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 and C7) for compensation the energy produced by DG in Brazil cause increasing changes for prosumers and decreasing for consumers as more tariff components of energy are disregarded in the form of compensation of the energy produced by DG, and scenario C2 provides similarity between the variation for the prosumer and for the consumer. It was also identified that the impacts of this compensation are accentuated depending on (a) the simultaneity or not between generation and consumption of energy by the prosumer; (b) the size of the distributors to which the consumers and prosumers are bound and (c) the proportion between the number of prosumers and consumers of the distributors to which the consumers are bound. These results contribute to expand the discussion of the public problem in Brazil about the form of compensation of the energy produced by DG in the energy tariff and to the literature on the regulation of the tariff structure to be adopted with the insertion of the energy DG, in addition to intensifying the relevance of the regulatory bodies of the electricity sector to intermediate the solution for the trade-off of incentive to the expansion of DG versus the increase in the energy tariff of other consumers.