Alocação ótima de unidades de geração distribuída em sistemas de distribuição, levando em consideração a redução de perdas técnicas e a capacidade de hospedagem do sistema quanto às sobretensões nas barras

Abstract

The growing demand for electric energy consumption and the concern with the diversification of the energy matrix has been driving the use of smaller energy generators compared to centralized energy generation. The development of technology and the involvement of computing has contributed to the solution of practical problems found in society, such as in the field of energy. Distributed Generation (DG) has appeared and taken space in this scenario, proving to be an excellent alternative for non-centralized energy generation. This monograph is based on the allocation of distributed generators, more precisely directed towards the allocation of Photovoltaic Units. The monograph brings, at first, a synthesized state of the art about the strategies used to solve the problem of optimal allocation of distributed generation units. In this sense, after a literature review, an optimization strategy is chosen, which shows promise for solving problems of this nature. Furthermore, two case studies were carried out, in which two electrical systems were simulated, these being the 33- and 50-bus IEEE. The strategy implemented is intended to verify the best positioning of generators, taking into account the reduction of active electrical losses, keeping voltage levels at adequate levels, in addition to optimizing the dimensioning of DGs in terms of installed power. The tool used was the heuristic goal known as evolutionary computing with objective functions designed to choose the best connection points of the system, indicate the power to be installed and maintain the appropriate voltage levels, based on the Procedimentos de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica no Sistema Elétrico Nacional (PRODIST). Thus, the optimization goals are: finding the best solution to the problem of optimal allocation of generation units, with a view to reducing technical losses in the system without voltage levels falling outside of what is established in the regulations. In light of these facts, losses with and without allocation of generators and the installed power ratio in terms of technical losses were surveyed. In addition, the pre- and post-insertion tension levels of the units were compared. It is highlighted beforehand that the algorithm proved to be promising for solving this problem, bringing good results for the desired objectives. Keywords: Distributed Generation. Artificial Intelligence. Evolutionary algorithms. GD optimization. Sources Allocation.