Teores de antocianinas, carotenoides e clorofilas em germoplasma de alface roxa e verde a partir de imagens obtidas com aeronave remotamente pilotada

Abstract

Imbalanced diets cause micronutrient deficiency (hidden hunger) are the main worldwide risk factor for death. Therefore, functional foods, nutritionally rich, with beneficial effects on human health and longevity are sought by consumers, scientists, nutritionists and horticulturists. Lettuce is one of those foods, and it can also be biofortified with bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, carotenoids and chlorophylls. However, the costs and time required to analyze these plant pigments are obstacles to this process. This paper was divided into two articles, the first for the validation of high-throughput phenotyping with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in red lettuce germplasm, using vegetation indexes in the red, green and near infrared channels. The second, for validating high-throughput phenotyping with UAV in red and green lettuce germplasm, using vegetation indexes in the visible channels. The experiments were carried out in 2019 at the Experimental Vegetable Station of the Federal University of Uberlandia - Monte Carmelo Campus. In both experiments, traditional method and aerial high-throughput phenotyping using UAV Phantom 4 were used to evaluate the levels of anthocyanins, carotenoids and chlorophylls on each treatment. The results showed genetic diversity within the germplasm banks. In addition, high-performance phenotyping was correlated with the traditional methodology in both studies. In the first article, the CIG, CVI and GNDVI indexes showed greater potential for use in order to evaluate the content of leaf pigments in red lettuce, especially anthocyanin. In the second, the GLI index obtained greater correlations and determination coefficients in the prediction of leaf pigments in red and green lettuce. Therefore, UAVs and vegetation indexes can be used to identify levels of anthocyanins, carotenoids and chlorophylls within a germplasm bank or on a large scale in crops.