Eficiência de fertilizantes organominerais no desenvolvimento inicial de milho e feijão

Abstract

Bean plant is one of the main crops of economic importance in Brazil, being a plant considered demanding in fertility and soil quality, due to the short cycle and the superficial root system and little developed. Therefore, it is important that the nutrients are readily available to plants, according to demand during the cycle. Organomineral fertilizers are sustainable sources of plant nutrients, as they are needed, reducing environmental impact and being a viable alternative for producers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of organomineral fertilizers in the sowing of common bean cv. Carioca, in the V4 / R5 stages. The experiment was carried out in the area of the University Center of Triângulo-UNITRI, located in the city of Uberlândia-MG. The variety chosen was the Carioca bean, indeterminate type, with a cycle of 90 days. The experimental design was DBC in 4 replications. The plots consisted of 6 lines of 3 meters spaced by 0.5 meters and 5 meters plot width, with a total plot of 15 m2 and a useful plot of 2 central lines. The treatments were: T1 - control (without fertilization); T2 - FM 90 kg ha-1 of P2O5; T3 - FOM 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5; T4 - FOM 180 kg ha-1 of P2O5; T5 - FOM 360 kg ha-1 of P2O5; T6 - FM 180 kg ha-1 of P2O5. At 15 DAS the seedling emergence evaluation was carried out; and at 30 DAS were measured the variables diameter, height, fresh mass and dry mass of 10 plants of the useful plot. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression for the doses of organomineral, and Dunnet to compare the mineral and organomineral sources. The fertilization with organomineral fertilizer applied at sowing increased the initial growth of the bean, for variables diameter, height, fresh and dry mass. It was concluded that the fertilization with organomineral fertilizer based on filter cake has superior efficiency to the mineral fertilization as source of phosphorus. The dose of organomineral fertilizer that resulted in the highest initial growth of bean was 360 kg ha-1 of P2O5.

Over the years, corn crop hasachieved very expressive numbers in productivity, according to research and use of technologies to improve cultivation, which allows influence on the techniques used for profit and cost reduction. The experiment was carried out in MRPesquisa area, with the maize hybrid 2A401 PW, low sized , superprecated. Seedling emergence was evaluated on May 25, with indexes between 81 and 88%. The experimental design was DBC, delineating in randomized blocks with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were: T1 - control 0 kg ha ha-1 of P2O5; T2 - FM recommended 90 kg ha ha-1 of P2O5; T3 - FOM 90 kg ha ha-1 of P2O5; T4 - FOM 120 kg ha ha-1 of P2O5; T5 - FOM 135 kg ha ha-1 of P2O5; T6 - FM 90 kg ha ha-1 of P2O5 + FOM coverage. The organomineral fertilizer used was the formulated 06-16-12 + 3 S in sowing, and the 14-00-14 in cover, parceled in V2 and V4 (T3, T4 and T5). The T6 received in the sowing mineral fertilizer sources, and in cover, sources of organomineral fertilizer. The sources for the mineral fertilizer were MAP, urea and potassium chloride. The first cover fertilization was carried out on June 11, 2018 (V2) and the second day June 25, 2018 (V4). At 30 DAS and 60 DAS the following variables of 20 plants of the useful plot were measured: a) Chlorophyll a and b, with the aid of an SPAD; (b) stem diameter, with a caliper, in millimeters (mm); c) Plant height, with a scale, in centimeters (cm), between the neck of the plant and the apex of the main branch, the analyzes were performed with the original data. The results obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and regression for organomineral doses. The fertilization with sources of organomineral fertilizer increased the initial growth of corn at an initial stage for the variables diameter of stem, height of plant, and chlorophyll B. It was concluded that the fertilization with organomineral has superior efficiency than mineral fertilization as a source of phosphorus and in the initial growth of corn plants. The dose of organomineral fertilizer that resulted in higher growth in the initial corn stage was 135 kg ha ha-1 of P2O5.