Métodos de cálculo para análises na engenharia civil: roteiro de cálculo com abrangência interdisciplinar

Abstract

This job has like its objective to establish a calculation method with multiple comprehension in Civil Engineering, being linked to the following items: investigative study to create a method which is able to execute the analysis of the hydrographic basins inside the same region and the comparison between them. The method’s bases are the fact that basins that are closer in format to circles are more likely to include flooding areas. This way, the established method has the purpose to determine de proximity degree between the ellipse that is close to the basin’s form and a specific circumference which radius is calculated. The final classification is about a comparison between the approximation ellipses of each basin and that one referring to the main basin (the biggest one), something that is done by the use of calculation, that is capable of giving classifying results for each basin like in, out or equal the average; investigative study to create a method which is able to execute the analysis of the elements of the same structure and the comparison between them. The method’s main bases are the concept of central ellipse of inertia, with a calculation process that is close to the one described above, but now focused on the comparison between the ellipses of structural elements and the one of the element under the biggest efforts; development of a calculation method’s which is simple to understand, focusing on the measurement process of the function’s lines commonly used in the Transportation Engineering. The calculations that will be developed are basically related to the measurement of the function’s variations between their points, since one of them is taken like the reference. For this development, the first point is going to be taken like the reference, leading the line’s behavior analysis since its construction’s beginning to become possible. The angle variations between the straight lines that are tangent to the function’s line in its first point and in all the other ones, motivation for what the method is going to be developed; the quantitative work with laboratory tests, that are subjected to systematic and random errors that lead to the dispersion of results. In Civil Engineering, the evaluation of fitting mathematical functions to experimental data is frequently made by correlation coefficients, but without verifying the disperse values. Therefore, the method intends to set a tolerance factor, so the critic points can be identified, leading the user to have an objective and iterative process to remake the laboratory tests according to the required points, improving the results. This method can be in areas such as the Geotechnical Engineering, where trend lines are commonly used to interpret the results of laboratory tests. Results of liquidity limit and soil compaction tests were used to exemplify the application of the method, which was shown promising; the method referenced in the item above is going to be used to develop the investigative process about the structural problem of the rotation of precast concrete beams when they are lifted.