Geração e tratamento de efluentes da indústria têxtil

Abstract

The brazilian textile industry is the second largest employer of the manufacturing industry, what shows its great importance. This activity as a potential source of pollution due to the generation of effluents with difficult degradation characteristics, due to the presence of dyes in these effluents, which are used in the coloration of fabrics and do not fully fix during the dyeing process. Then, different treatments are studied and tested in order to minimize the pollutant load of these effluents and, consequently, their damage to the environment. Adsorption method stands out as a physicochemical process in which an adsorbent material is capable of removing specific molecules from a liquid medium. Then, books, monographs, theses and articles were studied to present the textile industrial process and its waste generation, as well as the subsequent treatment and / or reuse of these effluents. A case study on textile effluent treatment by adsorption using steel residue as adsorbent was also carried out. The possibility of reusing the effluent in the process was analyzed by comparing its pH, hardness and iron content with parameters proposed in the literature. It was concluded that the parameters weren’t suitable. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly necessary to search for treatments that are efficient in removing the color and other critical aspects of textile effluents, so that these effluents can be reused or even disposed of safely.