Mapeamento do consumo per capita e perdas de água nos setores abastecidos por mananciais superficiais de Monte Carmelo - MG

Abstract

It is known that the amount of water available for human consumption corresponds to a percentage of 2,5, small compared to the amount of water on the entire planet. This consumption (use of water for ingestion, personal hygiene and cleaning in general) is often done inappropriately causing waste, which together with the losses resulting from problems in the distribution network, correspond between 20% and 60% of the total water that is provided to the population. These factors drove the development of this work, which aimed to map surface water sources, consumption and calculate water losses in municipality of Monte Carmelo, in Minas Gerais, where water is collected from underground and surface water sources. The mapping was carried out based on data from shallow springs, which corresponds to 55% of the municipality's supply. Such data were obtained by “Departamento Municipal de Água e Esgoto”(DMAE) and were manipulated in a GIS environment, enabling the creation of sector and consumption maps, as well as the hydrography map that was extracted using an MDT with software tools, in addition to the quantification of losses, calculated based on the index. The hydrography map made it possible to identify the shallow springs that supply the city. The consumption map showed the sector with the highest water demand, which consumed an average of 23.810 l/ month per connection and the sector with the lowest consumption, which presented 9.900 l/month per connection. The daily average of this consumption was 177,31 l/inhab.day The water loss index, whose value was 57,3%, is within the national average, but it is higher than the total average of the municipality, 39,28%. The study made it possible to observe that more than half of the mapped sectors of the municipality have a high consumption, since the reference value is 80 l/inhab.day. The losses also exceeded the country's average index, which is 40%. These figures reveal the need for actions by the municipality to mitigate the situation.