Manejo de fitonematoides na cultura do cafeeiro com bacillus spp. em Monte Carmelo-MG

Abstract

The largest world production of Coffea arabica L. is centered in Brazil, mainly in the Triângulo Mineiro, Alto do Paranaíba, and south of Minas Gerais. Root nematodes, mainly of the genus Meloidogyne spp and Pratylenchus spp are the most responsible for reducing crop productivity. Few arabica coffee cultivars have genetic resistance to these and chemical control is extremely toxic to both humans and the environment. The application of biological products is a sustainable and efficient alternative for the management of eggs and juveniles of nematodes. In this sense, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the efficacy of seven isolates of bacteria of the genus Bacillus in the suppression of eggs and juveniles of nematodes present in a coffee plantation in the city of Monte Carmelo-MG and the respective physiological responses of the coffee tree, comparing them with the inoculation of the biological product Quartzo® and the synthetic Nimitz ® and the control without any product. Eleven DBC treatments were inoculated, with five replications. Each batch was made up of 32 plants, the useful batch being made up of 30 plants. The variables analyzed were crown diameter, plant height, number and length of branches, number of buds, productivity, and fruit maturation. Two nematode samples were taken before the first application (October 2019) and 60 days after the second application (February 2020). The treatments that provided the highest productivity were Abamectina® and Quartzo®, B53 (Bacillus safensis), B18 (Bacillus subtilis) and B266 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), with the productivity of 28, 20.5, 19.4, and 18.4 bags per hectare, respectively. Even treatments with higher productivity did not differ statistically from other treatments in terms of vegetative growth and chlorophyll index and had a greater reduction in Meloidogyne spp than in Pratylenchulus spp. Thus demonstrating the efficiency of these treatments for the control of Meloidogyne spp and increased vigor of coffee plants.