Perfil sociodemográfico, clínico e infecção em sítio cirúrgico em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca: um estudo retrospectivo

Abstract

Introduction: The treatment of the main causes of death, which are cardiovascular diseases, in Brazil, is surgical, which due to its complexity, can evolve with various complications, such as hospital infections. Objectives: To evaluate the rates of surgical site infections in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in a high complexity hospital, from 2014 to 2019. Methodology: Quantitative, analytical study of retrospective approach of the documental analysis type. Sociodemographic, clinical and surgical wound data will be collected, as well as the presence of surgical site infection or other hospital infections, based on the full reading of 647 medical records, which are the total numbers of cardiac surgeries performed in a high complexity hospital, from 2014 to 2019. Results: The mean time of surgery was 2.79±1.4 years and 81% had high blood pressure. Surgical wound infection occurred in 19.0% of cases. The microorganism Klebsiella pneumoniae appears in 6.6% cases. It was observed that there was presence of secretion in the surgical wound in 92 patients (20.3%), swab collection performed in 92 (20.3%). The antibiogram was performed in 22.3% of the cases, as well as the use of antibiotic therapy in 68.4% of the patients. The mean infection was higher in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (0.49), when compared to non-diabetic individuals (0.31) establishing a significant association (p<0.01). Moreover, neuropathic patients had a higher mean infection (0.20) compared to those who did not have nephropathy (0.09), also with significant association (p<0.01). Despite the small discrepancy between means, alcoholic patients had a lower mean infection (0.10) than those who were not alcoholics (0.18), (p<0.05).