Estratégias de prevenção do suicídio em adolescentes nas escolas: revisão integrativa

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is marked by major physical and psychosocial changes, generating challenges in relation to the construction of its personality, as well as insertion in new social roles, thus, the mental health of this public demands attention in order to avoid mental disorders that may result in suicide. The school environment is considered a promising place to address such topics, as it helps in the formation of social identity. OBJECTIVE: To analyze adolescent suicide prevention strategies in the school environment that have the best efficacy and effectiveness available in the literature. METHODOLOGY: This is an integrative review developed through six phases described by Ganong. Articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, available in full in online format, published in the last five years on the Portal of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), PubMed and Scielo, were selected in order to answer the following guiding question: what suicide prevention and protection strategies have been developed in schools? RESULTS: After searching the databases, 13 articles were selected, which answered the question that guided this study, were analyzed, presented and discussed according to the proposed theme. DISCUSSION: The following categories emerged after thorough reading and analysis of the strategies: awareness, competence and suicide prevention; screening and identification of suicide risk; health network and the school; the effectiveness and effectiveness of prevention strategies; all discussed in the light of a scientific framework. CONCLUSION: All the suicide prevention actions mentioned in this study are related to cognitive restructuring, strengthening the support network and the knowledge on the subject. Some interventions did not prioritize and encourage referral actions through an articulated health network, however, all actions had a statistically significant reduction in risk levels for suicide.