Zoneamento agroclimático de espécies bioenergéticas para a entressafra Verão-Inverno na microrregião de Patos de Minas-MG

Abstract

In the face of the current needs that society has been facing in the search for new energy sources in place of the current energy matrix from fossil fuels, which aim to reduce the environmental impacts caused by the current matrix. The biofuel chain has been growing and gaining space in the national energy market with the insertion of vegetable crops adapted for the production of oil or sucrose, as well as being one of the alternatives for the final disposal of animal fat. Studies on new possibilities of insertion of crops for the production of vegetable oils for the biorefinery industry, has become an important tool in the management of renewable natural resources and in the opening of new raw materials for the sector. In view of this, agroclimatic zoning is one of several management tools of great impact for the insertion of new raw materials with bioenergetic potential, stimulating new agricultural regions in producing plant biomass for the bioenergy sector. The elaboration of agroclimatic zoning was carried out through the Multivariate Ordinary Kriging with cross-validation of the Gaussian, Exponential, Spherical and Circular models for the climatic and altimetric data of 38 conventional meteorological stations specialized in the states of Goiás, São Paulo and Minas Gerais, the latter, state of the study area. The microregion of Patos de Minas-MG presented an average temperature between 27.4 and 29.3 °C with water balance between -41.55 mm of deficit and 2.17 mm of water surplus. For the crops of forage peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), sunflower (Helliantus annus L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), the microregion presented with thermal fitness and water restriction in 100.0% of potential agricultural areas, ideal temperature and water supply ranges are from 25.0 to 35.0 °C and 450.0 to 700.0 mm, from 8.0 to 34.0 °C and 200.0 to 900.0 mm , and from 16.0 to 32.0 °C and 380.0 to 700.0 mm, respectively. For the cultivation of crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst), the spatialization of the area of the Patos de Minas-MG microregion in its entirety was thermal restriction and water restriction, where the ideal thermal range for its cultivation is between 15.0 and 25.0 °C, and can be cultivated in regions where the thermal variability of cold nights and hot days are in the range of 10.0 to 18.0 °C and 21.0 to 32.0 °C, respectively. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) was the only crop for which the region presented the characterization of thermal ineptitude to the detriment of this crop being characterized as winter cultivation, which presents ideal thermal range below the thermal range characteristic of the region.