Zaratustra, o caminho do solitário trágico

Abstract

This work aims to understand the language of the work Thus spoke Zarathustra, from the perspectives of Jörg Salaquarda and Roberto Machado. Through this reading, possible relations will be pointed out between the first phase of Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy, where is found the work The Dionysian Worldview (1927) and The Birth of Tragedy (1872), and the Nietzschean phase of maturity, having as centrality the book Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883-1885) also connecting it with The Gaia Science (1882) and Ecce Homo (1908). In this sense, we place as a central issue the need for loneliness in the project of human overcoming, in the human construction that affirms instincts as a form of will to power. Therefore, modern decay would be overcome not as a conceptual form, but through the outflow of bodily wills, so there is a relationship between elements of Greek tragedy and creative loneliness. Thus, a relationship is made between the choir (singing and dancing), the masks, artistic impulses (Apollonian and Dionysian) and the dithyrambs with the path of construction of free spirits that maximally affirm reality. In this way Zarathustra's lonely path is capable of heralding the eternal return that together with amor fati make up the withdrawal of hierarchies and definitions of good and evil and puts in its place the desire for life by accepting the constant aimless movement of existence. Even if life does not have a metaphysical meaning, Nietzsche's affirmative philosophy criticizes nihilisms, since it defends an incessant self-meaning of life in an attempt not to fall into tiredness and to exclude diverse forms of internal contradictions in life, suffering is not. expelled from the experiences, but transformed into deep joy. There is then an interdependence between oppositions without ever falling into a synthesis of them, Nietzsche's philosophy can then be understood as a conception of combat, destruction and creation.