Estudo dos efeitos da ativação imunológica maternal em camundongos provocada pela vacina A(H1N1) e o efeito neuroprotetor do resveratrol sobre os prejuízos comportamentais relacionados à ansiedade, depressão, sociabilidade e memória na prole em idade adulta

Abstract

Psychiatric disorders are among the diseases that most affect and incapacitate the world population, having genetic and environmental factors in their etiology. It is known that the prenatal period, because the fetal brain is in development, is critically determinant, making pregnancy a particularly vulnerable period, in which environmental adversities can directly affect fetal neurodevelopment. Structural, cellular, and molecular changes that occur in the fetal brain may form the basis for behavioral and cognitive dysfunction later in adulthood. Infection of the mother during pregnancy has been correlated with increased risk of psychiatric disorders in the offspring and evidence suggests that maternal immunoactivation, regardless of the infection itself, maybe responsible for such changes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) on vaccine influenza A (H1N1) on behaviors related to anxiety, depression, sociability and memory in adult offspring and whether Resveratrol (RSV) is capable of reversing behavioral losses seen in offspring. Female Balb C were divided into four experimental groups: G1 (females receiving PBS at E16 + Tween 5% from E14 to E19); G2 (females receiving influenza A (H1N1) in E16 + Tween 5% E14 to E19); G3 (females receiving PBS in E16 + RSV from E14 to E19); and G4 (females receiving vaccine influenza A (H1N1) in E16 + RSV from E14 to E19). Trivalent influenza A (H1N1) vaccine (15 mcg / strain / 0.5 mL) at the dose of 1 μl / g and PBS were administered intramuscularly, while Resveratrol (at a dose of 40 mg / kg body weight) and Tween 80 5% were administered subcutaneous. Adult male offspring (P60) from treated mothers had their behaviors evaluated in the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Swimming Forced (SF), Object Recognition (OR) and Social Interaction (SI) tests. The results showed behavioral damages in the adult offspring of the mothers who received the vaccine, mainly in the anxious and depressive type behaviors. In OR, these same animals showed alterations in learning and memory, not having a predilection for novelty, and also a change in the sociability of these animals in the SI test. On the other hand, the resveratrol presented a neuroprotective effect reversing the behavioral damages presented in the offspring that suffered AIM. And, in addition, G3 was the only group to show preference for social novelty in IS. Thus, the vaccine A (H1N1) administered in E16 was able to generate behavioral damage in adult offspring and RSV had a neuroprotective effect reversing such damage as seen in behavioral tests.