Prevalência de infecções por Acinetobacter baumannii multirresistente em um hospital e maternidade do Sistema Único de Saúde

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacterium with high pathogenicity and greater resistance to conventional antimicrobials. This microorganism is directly associated with Health Care Infections (HCI), a worldwide public concern that mainly affects immunocompromised patients, who seek medical assistance in hospitals, emergency care units or health posts. This study analyzed the prevalence of A. baumannii infections in a public hospital belonging to the Unified Health System (UHS) in the city of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, between the years of 2013 and 2017, seeking the profile of resistance, the main syndromes associated with the pathogen and sociodemographic data. Samples of A. baumannii previously selected as resistant to carbapenems were recover through the antibiograms provided by the accredited laboratory, in which clinical and sociodemographic information was collected which were subsequently analyzed according to the resistance profile. Among the identified syndromes, it was possible to observe that pneumonias and bloodstream infections were the most frequent. When analyzing the variables, it was possible to verify that the age over 61 years of the patients can be consider a risk factor. It also highlights the occurrence of A. baumannii infections in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), mainly due to the susceptibility of patients, who are generally, debilitate and/or submitted to invasive procedures and highlights the occurrence of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. Most of the samples presented multidrug resistance mainly to the group of β-lactams, aminoglycosides and quinolones. In addition, a resistant sample of Polimixin B, categorized as extensively resistant, was identify, which reflects the magnification of resistance mechanisms. Given the results, it is possible to conclude that good health care practices are essential for the control of infections, the application of diagnostic tests for the adequate prescription of antimicrobials is also fundamental, as well as greater public investments in preventive measures.