Produtividade e eficiência no uso da água em cafeeiro irrigado sob estratégias de manejo de irrigação

Abstract

The growth of irrigated coffee in Brazil provides an increase in the demand for water resources, which are increasingly scarce and precious in all environments. In view of this, the need arises for irrigation management methods that minimize water waste and potentiate coffee productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of irrigation water use in coffee productivity, using irrigation management methods. The study was conducted at Fazenda Vitória II, located in the municipality of Monte Carmelo (MG), with Topázio MG 1190 coffee, using a randomized block design with two treatments: soil-plant-atmosphere management and climate management, divided into 12 blocks, totaling 24 experimental plots. The first treatment used information from sensors that monitor micro-variations in stem diameter of plants (dendrometers), soil moisture sensors and a meteorological station, located on the farm. These sensors have communication via radio antennas with an irrigation management panel, located in the pump house, from where the data was sent to a cloud that interprets the data and recommends the irrigation in real time. The second treatment uses the climatological water balance tool, based on the Penman-Monteith equation. The studied variables were the efficiency in water use for yield, maturation, size classification and defects present in fruits. The results of the work showed that Climate Management produced 97.7 sc ha-1, while Soil-Atmosphere-Atmosphere Management obtained 93.2 sc ha-1. Evaluating efficiency in the use of water, it was possible to observe that Climate Management presented 44% more efficiency compared to the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Management. Irrigation did not show influence on fruit quality for the treatments studied in the first crop evaluated.