Avaliação do reparo ósseo em filhotes gerados em ambiente hiperglicêmico

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by blood hyperglycemia and caused by changes in insulin secretion and/or action. Recent studies have shown that maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy causes changes in the development of the bony tissue of the offspring. However, there are few reports in the literature about the implications of these changes on bone tissue in the postnatal period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone repair process in 60-day-old animals that were generated in a hyperglycemic environment. Male pups of Wistar rats were divided into three groups: saline (pups of normoglycemic mothers), alloxan-diabetics (pups of diabetic mothers) and alloxan non-diabetic (pups of mothers who underwent DM induction but did not become diabetic). After 60 days of life, the pups were weighed and submitted to bone defect surgery in the left femurs. The bone repair process was evaluated in the 7-day postoperative period. The histological sections of the collected femurs were stained in Hematoxylin and Eosin for qualitative analysis and Mallory's trichrome for histomorphometric analysis. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using GraphPad Prism Version 5.00 software and the significance level adopted was p <0.05. The results showed that the pups of diabetic mothers presented lower body weight when compared to the pups of healthy mothers. The qualitative analysis of the histological sections revealed that the area of the bone lesion was filled by neoformed bone trabeculae, but in the alloxan-diabetic group these trabeculae were less thick. In addition, in this group, focus of moderate mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate was found that were not observed in the other groups. The histomorphometric analysis proved that the pups of diabetic mothers had a lower percentage of neoformed bone matrix in the lesion area when compared to the other groups. These data allow concluding that maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy affects the physical development and the process of postnatal bone repair proving that the repercussions of this hyperglycemia are not limited only to the gestational period.