Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde no Pré e Pós-Operatório de Cirurgia Cardíaca

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the main causes of morbimortality and inability in Brazil and around the world. In this context the surgical interventions constitute the main treatment choice, aiming the patient's enhancement of survival rate and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL). In counterpart, the depression constitutes the worst predictor of HRQOL. Objectives: To evaluate HRQOL in pre and post operations of the heart disease patients exposed to heart surgery, thus to compare the Beck depression scale in this period of time; to characterize and associate sociodemographic, clinical and routine variables with life quality and systemic depression. Methodology: Prospective study of quantitative approach. Executed in the Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Uberlândia - HCU/UFU, in Uberlândia - Minas Gerais, Brazil. The qualifying patients were evaluated in three periods: T0: before the heart surgery; T1 and T2, respectively 3 and 6 months after the heart surgery, through the application of questionnaires EuroQol-3L (EQ-5D-3L) to a generic evaluation of HRQOL, MacNew QLMI to a specific evaluation of HRQOL and specific Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to evaluate systemic depression. Results: This study included 42 participants predominantly: male gender (81%), white skin (61.9%); married (64.3%); catholic (78.6%); high education level among male gender (50.0%); revascularization of myocardium surgery (76.2%); inactivity (90.5%); systemic arterial hypertension (73.8%) and statin's use (75.6%). The life quality improved in mobility, self-care, routine activities, pain and malaise, physical and social. EQ-5D-3L demonstrated best life quality in mobility (p = 0.008), self-care (p = 0.001) and routine activities (p = 0.012) among male gender, and best life quality related to pain and malaise between white skin (p = 0.007) and non-smokers (p = 0.021). The association between male gender and MacNew QLMI demonstrated that men have a best physical (p = 0.013) and social (p = 0.033) life quality and the white skin best physical life quality (p = 0.006). BDI emphasized the occurrence of several symptoms only in female gender (p = 0.003), black skin (p = 0.000) and smokers (p = 0.049). Conclusion: In general, HRQOL and depression improved after the heart surgery.