História da educação de negros em Uberlândia: memórias, dilemas e resistências (1950-1970)

Abstract

This study aims to build an understanding about the historical processes that treat the history of black people education in the city of Uberlândia and region between 1950 and 1970. The reason why we selected this period to research is justify by the scarcity of Works related with the theme, furthermore this is an important period of of brazilian education history due to the increase of enrollment in basic and technical education. During aour investigation we highlight one of the few study’s in that especific theme made in our region for Dr. Pedro Barbosa and entitled “Movimento Negro de Uberlândia/MG: Mobilização Social e Política” wich brings discussion about the struggles for the rights of black people, but adresses the 1980s and 1990s, after the cut of our research. We intend to understand how the process of schooling black people from urban and rural schools occurred in Uberlândia e region with the objective of knowing their experiences and their racial ethnic identity relation from their insertions in the school spaces. The refletions about the schooling of blacks peoples in Uberlândia and in Brazil is supported by statistics data divulged by the IBGE in reference of different social indicators of that populations in that analyzed period. The bibliographical review has been supported by such theorists as Carmo (2000), Lima (2004), Meihy (2011) and Portelli (2010), among others. The metodology was based in the oral history and demanded planning, preparation of a project, submission of the research project to the Ethics and Research Committee from the Brazil health platform , preparation of the interview scripts, invitation to black people who would colaborate and feet the research requirements, the conducting of interviews that were done in the university, in the social institutions, or int the residences of some of the 13 interviewees, whom was selected from the following criteria: employees who attended only elementar school; colaborator who has university graduate and those militants of the diferente social movements, specially those organized by blacks. In the testimonies we realized that the historical narratives showed their Family and student struggle to get schooling in a country marked by serious social problems, as the education inequality receveid by black people and White people. We have verify that the need to work in early ages in order to survive marked the life of the moust of the interviewed, making schooling difficult, although some of the students have managed to overcome the challenges and finnished the school. We also presente refletions on ethnic relations in the school environment, approaching prejudice and racism, seeking to focus on school everyday form based on the point of view of black students, especially the history of thouse whose first experience of schooling occurred in the rural area, some situations were reported experiences related to racial discrimination. Finally, we analyzed the articles published in Revista Uberlândia illustrated in the year 1956 by Jerônimo Arantes. Concluding that child labor, the precariousness on the public education for urban populations and the racism were factores that

difficult the blacks people schooling in the period studied and is one of the causes of educational inequalities in Brazil.

Key Words: History of Education, Black People, Ethnicity, Triângulo Mineiro- MG.