Caracterização clínico-patológica do carcinoma inflamatório mamário canino e análise de sobrevida

Abstract

The inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IC) is a neoplasia, highly aggressive, present a invasive character and suffer metastasis easily, in animals and also human beings. The objectives of this study were to characterize the IC histologically, to study the correlation between clinical presentations and the neoplasia histological features, and finally to evaluate the survival rates based on factors as age, chemotherapy treatment done or not, anatomical location of the mass, type of inflammatory carcinoma, surgical removal, distant metastasis, and the histological type of the mammary tumor on the survival rate of the animal diagnosed with IC. The animal’s medical records at the Hospital Veterinario da Universidade Federal de Uberlandia was reviewed over 2014 to 2018, since this we selected the records with the IC diagnosis, in addition clinical signals and histological features of the inflammatory carcinoma were the inclusion criteria for this experiment. The samples were processed as the usual routine and slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For the statistical analysis was used the Kaplan-Meier method, then the Log-Rank Test, Breslin and Tarone-Ware in order to determine the influence of the survival rate variables. Eleven cases of IC were diagnosed (0,1%) over the time mentioned, all of the cases presented plaques characterizing the mass, which was firm and solid, adhesion in adjacent tissues, ulcerative, and adjacent tissues with edema. The mean age of the female dogs with IC was 11.75 years old (±3,4) and mixed breed dogs were the most affected (54,5%). We diagnosed 45,5% of the total cases of primary IC and 36,4% with secondary IC. Distant metastasis were identified in 91% os the cases, it was mainly found in lungs (81%) and the histological type that was more found was the mammary micropapillary carcinoma. Kaplan-Meier method showed the mean survival rate is the animals diagnosed with IC was 3,5 months, however, only 27,3% of the animals survived more than one month. The results of this study show that IC is an uncommon type of mammary tumors in female dogs, aggressive clinical course, rapid evolution, which affect old female dogs causing high rates of distant metastasis due to the diagnosis. There is no treatment protocol well established yet, and new chemotherapeutic protocols can be used as a solution of increase the survival rate.