Avaliação de impactos ambientais causados pela indústria ceramista na região de Monte Carmelo - MG

Abstract

Monte Carmelo- MG, municipality of approximately 46 thousand inhabitants according to census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) 2016, is a city that had its peak of fame in the decade of 90 to 2000, was known nationally and internationally as the city of tiles or cities of the chimneys because of the great quality of its ceramic artifacts, even possessing about 40 installed ceramic industries. This research has the objective of evaluating the environmental impacts caused by the ceramic industry, through bibliographical research and thematic maps where the process of extraction of raw material can be analyzed in deposits known as "barrier". The extraction of clay until then made only in the municipality, however due to the environmental damages the removal of the clay happened to be realized in other regions of Alto Paranaíba. And to analyze these impacts that the process of preparing the raw material brought to the environment, a search was made for information on existing deposits in the city of Monte Carmelo and through geoprocessing techniques and with the help of Google Earth and the software ArcGis, thematic maps were made as, location map of deposits, a time series of the year 2012, 2016 and 2018 where it identifies the advance of the extraction in Fazenda Buriti do Penêdo, which contains deposits of the peak of the extraction and deposits that are exploited and the creation of a Permanent Preservation Area map. In this sense, the data obtained in the work were important to evaluate how the extraction activities progressed, which showed a possible impact caused by the raw material extraction process, such as deforestation, alteration of the landscape and alteration of the soil structure.