Clusters de comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na população adulta brasileira

Abstract

Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world and all share four risk behaviors: low consumption of fruits and vegetables, physical inactivity, smoking and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. Objectives: To identify clusters of risk behaviors for noncommunicable diseases and associate them with socio-demographic factors and self-perception of health. Methods: The data originated from the National Health Survey (2013), with a sample of 46,785 individuals. The risk behaviors analyzed were low consumption of fruits and vegetables, physical inactivity, smoking and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. The assessment of the coexistence of risk behaviors between males and females was done through the Venn diagram. To explore clusters of risk behaviors by aggregating the individuals into subgroups, cluster analysis was done according to gender. For the association between the sociodemographic variables and self-perception of health, the logistic regression analysis. The level of statistical significance adopted was 5%. Results: It was observed that the coexistence of four risk behaviors was more common in males (3.23%) than in females (0.83%). Despite a greater potential for aggregation of behaviors in females (O/E=2.48) than in males (O/E=1.62), the women were less likely to have all risk behaviors jointly (OR=0.13, 95%CI=0.10;0.17), and this was found for the other clusters. In general, Brazilian black/brown, younger, with low schooling level and who had a self-perception of bad health were more likely to engage in clusters of risk behaviors. Conclusion: The prevalence of Brazilian adults engaging in clusters of risk behaviors is high, mainly among males, those who reported a bad health and with low socioeconomic level.