Perfil dos pacientes vítimas de queda durante a Internação nos hospitais públicos do Brasil: Uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Research and evaluation strategies focus on health care, patient safety and the management of the risks inherent in health services. This study was to provide the quality of their hospital patterns and accrual. There is a strong relationship between patient safety, health quality, and the accreditation process by encompassing a number of requirements that are related to Patient Safety. The women who gain attention are like hospitalized patients, since they generate health impacts, being one of the errors that are subject to patient safety. In order to direct and standardize the orientation activities of the issue, the Ministry of Health has launched the basic patient safety protocols, including the Fall Prevention Protocol. Because these are the most recent events in hospitals and give importance to patient safety in health facilities, it becomes useful in relation to falls. Objective: To trace the profile of patients with falls during hospitalization in public services in Brazil, through a literature search. Method: This is an integrative review of the literature, whose focus is to group the results obtained in research on the same subject. This integrative review was developed in six stages: identification of the theme and selection of the research question, establishment of inclusion and exclusion criteria, identification of pre-selected and selected studies, categorization of selected studies, analysis and interpretation of results, presentation of knowledge review / synthesis. To search the publications, a search was made in the databases of the Virtual Health Library and the descriptors were used: falls, hospitalization, public hospital, patient safety, hospitalization, with the boolean operator "AND". After the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample consisted of 8 publications. Results: Publications were analyzed from all regions of Brazil, with predominance of publications in the years 2014 and 2017. The results of the publications were extracted taking into account the following variables and characteristics: age, sex, schooling, hospital environment, medications, comorbidities, type of fall, suggestions for prevention of falls, nursing performance. It was possible to establish a predominant profile of patients who were victims of falls during hospitalization in public hospitals in Brazil. These patients are mostly low-level, male, elderly, who use polypharmacy, who have comorbidities. The publications emphasized that falls have been the object of study in the hospital setting, but there is still a lack of knowledge in this area. Final Considerations: It is important to identify, treat and prevent falls in the hospital environment, as well as establish a safety culture and invest in education, training and personal development of nursing and other professionals who contribute to disseminate this culture of safety.