Contribuições das boas práticas ao parto e nascimento por enfermeiras obstétricas

Abstract

Introduction: With the advancement of medical technologies, childbirth that was previously seen as a family event became institutionalized and medicalized, favoring the removal of family and social network in the process of birth. With the intention of recovering good practices, Brazil created policies of humanization at birth and birth in order to provide professional training and regularization of institutions in the parturition process with the objective of rescuing the autonomy of women in labor. The literature indicates that the use of non-invasive care at the time of delivery contributes to the good vitality of the mother and the newborn. Obstetric nursing has been represented as the profession that seeks to respect the physiology of women through humanized practices based on evidence. Objective: to identify the contributions of good practices to childbirth and birth by obstetrical nurses. Methodology: This is an integrative review of the literature, where the inclusion criteria were articles published in Portuguese language, available in full and between the years of 2012 and 2017. After cross-checking the descriptors along with the criteria of inclusion, it was observed that 14 articles answered the theme of the study. They were analyzed in detail in order to establish the categories for the discussion. Results: Parturients and postpartum women felt welcomed and safe with the presence of obstetrical nurses. Non-pharmacological methods have been widely used, and their contributions are favorable for childbirth. Good practices also imply the health of the newborn, where it was found that skin-to-skin contact has many contributions, the most emphasized being breastfeeding in the first hour of life. Throughout this set, it was observed that good practices influence the evaluation of the Apgar score in deliveries attended by obstetrical nurses. Conclusions: It is observed the importance of obstetric nursing in the outcome of perinatal and maternal health. However the provision of diet during labor is still little encouraged. The need is highlighted.