Caracterização biométrica, cultivo e conservação in vitro de barueiro de ocorrência natural do Cerrado goiano

Abstract

The barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vog.) is a native fruit of great prominence in the midst of the flora of the brazilian Cerrado and has presented good prospects of cultivation and commercialization. Thus, to establish the biometric parameters of plants, fruits, seeds and in vitro culture of barueiro is interesting to understand the patterns that determine the behavior of this species and at the same time to establish methodologies for its in vitro conservation. The objective of this work was to perform the biometric characterization of mother plant, fruits and seeds, besides studying and determining the seedling pattern in in vitro culture and to develop a protocol for the in vitro conservation of barueiro. First, 10 mother plants of barueiro of natural occurrence of the Cerrado of Goiás were selected and the characterization and collection of their fruits were carried out to performe the experiments conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Goiás - Campus Urutaí/GO. The seeds of the mother plants of barueiros were inoculated in vitro in culture medium and at 35 days of cultivation, the biometric characteristics of the seedlings were evaluated in vitro in relation to the number of leaflets, shoot length, root length and stem diameter. For in vitro conservation by slow growing regime, nodal segment explants were inoculated in 50% MS supplemented with 1.0 g L-1 of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and added with different concentrations of mannitol and sorbitol at different temperature conditions (18°C and 20°C). The evaluations were based on the number of shoots and leaflets developed. At 120 days after storage, growth resumption was performed using different concentrations of BAP. Through the obtained results, it was concluded that the matrices were differentiated regarding the biometric characteristics evaluated and promising for the in vitro culture. In relation to in vitro preservation, the temperature of 18ºC and the osmotic agent mannitol at 20 g L-1 stood out, showing slow growth up to 120 days of storage. The BAP does not promote an increase in the in vitro growth of barueiro. However, it is noteworthy that this was one of the pioneer works regarding the in vitro conservation of barueiro and new studies must be carried out to further determine the best conservation conditions with the use of low temperatures and osmotic regulators in the medium of culture.