Diagnóstico do gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos gerados na Central de Abastecimento de Minas Gerais - unidade Uberlândia

Abstract

Supply centers known as "CEASAs" are aimed at supplying wholesaler of horticultural products in the main Brazilian urban centers. These units create a large amount of solid waste within the Brazilian municipalities and require special attention to the correct management practices. The Supply Center of the City of Uberlândia/MG, named CEASAMinas Uberlândia, was the unit of analysis of this research, with the objective of elaborating a diagnosis of solid waste management at the site. This diagnosis was made up of a quantitative survey and the physical, chemical and biological characterization of solid waste generated at the site. In order to determine the amount of waste generated, the collection trucks were weighed in a large capacity scale. Sampling was performed according to NBR 10.007 (ABNT, 2004) in the free market producer pavilion (MPL). For a physical characterization, the gravimetric composition, specific weight and humidity were analyzed. For chemical characterization, the organic residues were sent to the Laboratory of Soil and Limestone Analysis of the Federal University of Uberlândia for the determination of pH, Carbon Content, Oxygen Content, Nitrogen Content, Sulfur Content, Carbon Ratio, Nitrogen, Composite organic matter, total mineral residue, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, manganese, zinc and sodium. For biological characterization, the organic residues were sent to the Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology of the Federal University of Uberlândia for analysis of total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus coagulase positive, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp., Clostridium sulphite reducutore Bacteria Heterotrophic Mesophiles. The results show that CEASAMinas Uberlândia Unit generates approximately 100 tons of solid waste per month, this amount represents 13,22% of the value traded in the warehouse. The organic residues appear in greater quantity in the place representing on average 77% of the total of the residues sampled. In descending order, the paper/cardboard, waste, wood, plastic, metal, styrofoam and rubber complete the total of sampled waste. The specific weight was 137.52 kg.m'3 and the total humidity of the organic was 88.11%. According to the chemical characterization, the pH of the organic residues of CEASAMinas Uberlândia Unit was 4.20, the highest the macronutrient percentage was potassium with 2.18% and the highest quantity of micronutrients was sodium with 1611 mg.kg-1. In the biological characterization, the analyzed microorganisms were present with the exception of Salmonella spp. This informations, which compose the diagnosis of CEASAMinas Uberlândia Unit, are essential for the elaboration of projects and managing solid waste management plans that aim to minimize the generation and inadequate disposal of residues generated on site.