Políticas públicas: ações afirmativas para a população negra. Uberlândia. 1980/2016

Abstract

The discussions about the affirmative actions in Brazil develop stronger as of the mid 90s, boosting public policies of national character in the year 2000. It is attributed to the state to be the sole forerunner of these actions, however, the actions of the black movements socially and culturally instituted, are fundamental to the creation and implementation of these policies. This paper seeks to analyze the role of the state and the black movements in the creation and implementation of these laws. We start from the assumption that affirmative actions are not improvements from the government, but instead, they are the result of the struggles of social movements.The black population, historically, experiences processes of exclusion and social inequality, due to prejudices generated by an ideologically and physically racism established in society. Social and racial inequality affect part of the black population, both in large urban centers, as well as in mid-sized towns. This academic work focuses on reflecting how these public affirmative action policies are shaped and implemented in the city of Uberlândia, between the years 1980 and 2016. As a source of research we analyze documents, laws, decrees, newspapers, statistical data, images and interviews in order to reflect about the paths that promoted the shaping of the laws. As a theoretical framework, the reflections of Antônio Gramsci (2011) helped us to better understand about the formation and the constitution of the state as a permanently confrontational social relationship between civil society and political society and not, just as a coercible apparatus. The readings of sociologist Antônio Sérgio Guimarães (2009), among other authors, have allowed us to understand what affirmative action means and how they enter the political national agenda. Finally, the writing of this work is the demand for an answer on how and why public policies of affirmative action have been created for the black population and how they impact the life of this group, leading to some actions that can result in a possible improvement of racial inequality.