Vigilância dos trabalhadores de enfermagem que sofreram acidentes de trabalho com materiais biológicos em um hospital universitário federal

Abstract

The concern about the risks of biological material accidents arose after the HIV/SIDA epidemic in the 80s when it was established security procedures at the working environment. The health professionals suffer more risks, due to frequent exposition to biological material. Among these professionals, the nursing staff is highlighted because of straight contact with the patients. This research has the aim to evaluate the worker’s health surveillance actions among the nursing professionals who suffered an accident with biological material at the emergency room. The research is a quantitative, descriptive study. The site was the emergency room of Uberlândia’s Federal University Hospital, the sources were the workers of the nursing sector , the data was collected applying a structured questionnaire , validated by ASSIS (2010) and adapted by the authors based on the notification file of SINAN. The analysis was done using the Microsoft Office Excell® 2010 the processing and the tabulation were done by Statistical Program of Social Science ( SPSS) . There were 144 nursing professionals involved in the study, with samples of 105. The results highlighted a rate of 31,4% of accidents mainly with the females , 72,7% of the injured workers, 66,6% of them were married or in stable union and they were in an average age of 38,6 years old. The professionals that reported more accidents were the nursing technician, aging between 20 to 40, with less than 8 years experience in the institution. The most frequent exposition was percutaneous, 75,7% and the most infected parts were the hands and fingers, 78,8%, and the blood was the predominant organic material , the procedure that most result in accidents was the venepuncture followed by the disposal of sharps ,30,6% due to over working hours or hurry, 60,6% emergency situations, 39,4%, inappropriate material . About the use of IPEs ,78,8 % were wearing disposable gloves for medical procedures when they had the accident, 90,9% washed the affected region with water and soap and 51,5% applied antiseptic. Those who had an accident,84,8% have consulted a doctor and they have also reported their bosses immediately , only 57,6% received their first tests results. The reasons for under reporting, 36,4% of the injured professionals didn’t fill out the WAC form as they weren’t aware of the notification procedure. 21,2% considered the accident irrelevant and 18,2% justified that the patient source had recent tests results. 72,7% hadn’t done the training and 57,6% weren’t aware of the institution’s protocol/ flow of accidents with biological material, only 42,4% continued the procedures after the communication of work accident .The implementation of health actions as biosafety measures and the redefinition of institutional policies to increase awareness of the care with their health are essential to the decrease of the risks that the nursing staff are exposed to. The workers and the mangers training minimize underreporting events once they would be more prepared to face an accident with biological material.