Síndrome do respirador bucal: revisão de literatura

Abstract

The mouth breathing is defined as a respiratory disorder in which there is a partial replacement of the nasal breath occurs by predominantly mouth breathing. Mouth breathing when exist in the child's growth and development phase, could interfere with the craniofacial growth pattern, could also lead to dentofacial and stomatognathic changes, and reflect negatively on cognitive and pisicossocial aspects. Due to the serious systemic and developmental changes that mouth breathing can produce, the treatment by a multidisciplinary team is extremely important. According to the articles researched, mouth breathing has harmful effects on the growth and development of craniofacial structures. The obstruction of the upper airway associate with the adaptation of airflow through the mouth, leads neuromuscular changes that trigger harmful effects on the process of facial growth, causing undesirable impact on speech, eating, breathing, posture, sleep quality and even on performance school. Mouth breathing should be considered as a risk factor for the development of malocclusions such as open bite, crossbite, among other changes. The objective of this work is carry out a literature review, focusing on the organic causes of mouth breathing, its consequences and possible treatment plans, updating the scientific knowledge in order to contribute to the clinical practice of professionals of different specialties who are involved in the follow up of mouth breathers.