Análise dos fluxos da conta financeira do balanço de pagamentos brasileiro e a dinâmica especulativa dos investimentos diretos (período 2000-2016)

Abstract

With the advancement of financial deregulation, external liberalization and expansion of financial innovations, especially since the 1980s and 1990s, in a hierarchical monetary and financial system, It is perceived that the amount of capital circulating on the globe has increased enormously, and looking for destinations other than those linked to countries above the equator. The consequence of this movement was the flow of capital to the peripheral countries, taking advantage of the new markets and the high interest rates, in which these financial flows will be more associated to extranational factors (liquidity cycles, US interest rates) than the macroeconomic fundamentals of those countries. Thus, since part of the Direct Investments consists of mere stock purchase, the hypothesis of the work is that its dynamics does not escape this movement and that part of its flows has a similar character to that found in Portfolio Investments, since they are highly volatile flows and speculative. The objective of this dissertation is understand, through a post-Keynesian perspective, how the dynamics of capital flows to Brazil, focusing on the items Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment passive. The study is based on historical, graphical and econometric analysis (VAR/VEC and ARCH/GARCH models), and concludes that Direct Investments in the Country (Equity Interest) have volatility and dynamics similar to those of Portfolio Investments Liabilities (Debt Securities and Investments Fund Shares, traded in the country), with behavior close to the movements of the VIX index and the Stock Traded Securities in the Country. The main finding is that, after the subprime crisis, and its unfolding, Direct Investments in the Country (equity participation) started to presente, more clearly, (also) this characteristic, which is: volatile, short-term logic and speculative flows.