Otimização e aplicação da extração sólido líquido com partição a baixa temperatura para determinação de carbofurano em solo

Abstract

Since the introduction of agrochemicals in agriculture, these substances have given great concern on their impacts on the environment and on human health. The researches proved that the excessive use of pesticides for the improvement of agricultural practices has led to widespread contamination both in biota and in human being, in practically all Brazilian regions. Fragility in national legislation related to the marketing and use of such substances as well the pressure for food generating makes the country accept in its territory a list of 14 active principles which are prohibited or restricted in other major economic centers such as the carbofuran agrotoxic. Because it is highly toxic and due to the suspicion of deregulation in the mammalian endocrine system, carbofuran active principle is forbidden in two major world economies, the European C 208.ommunity and the United States. In Brazil, the National Health Surveillance Agency2 requested the revision of the active principle in 2008. Nevertheless, this pesticide is still in use throughout the country. This study aimed to discuss the theme agrotoxic and environment, specially the carbofuran. In consultation to scientific journals, we found few methodologies for the analysis of carbofuran in the soil, so this survey aims to optimize an analytical method for determining and measuring carbofuran in red latosol matrices. This study was structured in four sections. The first one approaches historical questions, definitions and Commercialization of agrochemicals in Brazil. The second one presents a risk analysis applying the physical and chemical properties of carbofuran to mathematical models. In the third section, we optimized an analytic method for determining carbofuran in red latosol matrices. Finally, we applied the optimized methodology to analyze the carbofuran presence in real red latosol matrices from the sugar cane cultivation. The risk analysis allowed us to verify that carbofuran is a potential poisoning to the environment with high probability to reach surface and ground water. The optimized method showed high efficacy in determining and measuring carbofuran in red latosol matrices. The recovering averages of the active principle were greater than 94%. In addition, the optimized technique showed to be practical with a reduced number of steps. After the optimization, the method was applied to analyze the carbofuran presence in red latosol matrices from the sugar cane production. In the analyzed samples the presence of the active principle carbofuran was not found.