Transesterificação do óleo de girassol, análise quimiométrica do processo e caracterização das propriedades físico-químicas do produto

Abstract

This work contributes to the study of the production of biodiesel from sunflower oil, starting with oil analysis and obtaining biodiesel using methyl and ethyl routes from the transesterification reaction. The catalysts used were homogeneous and basic. For the optimization of reaction conditions, the variables examined were: molar ratio, speed, reaction time, catalyst type, catalyst concentration and temperature. For ethyl biodiesel, time, rotation and catalyst concentration are the variables most important operational, while for methyl biodiesel, the catalyst concentration, time and temperature are most relevant. The conditions for maximum yield were determined by factorial design: potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the catalyst, molar ratio of alcohol: oil 6:1; rotation of 260 rpm catalyst concentration of about 0.19% (w / w); temperature of 308 K and reaction time of 35 min, for ethyl biodiesel . For biodiesel methyl were: potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the catalyst, molar ratio of alcohol: oil 6:1; rotation of 189 rpm; temperature of 319 K; catalyst concentration of about 0.42% (w / w) and reaction time of 60 min. The process has a tolerance for the variables of greatest influence on the reaction, which means that small variations quantitative individual conditions do not significantly affect the overall yield, allowing greater control of the process. The biodiesels optimized were characterized (physical-chemical analysis) according to standards of the ANP - National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels. Through the thermal expansion coefficients of biodiesels obtained mathematical algorithms for biodiesel methyl and ethyl, respectively, μT = μ measured 0,7330 × (T T measured) e μT = μ measured 0,7340 × (T T measured). These algorithms allow the correction of the specific mass of biodiesel, important business transactions. You can observe significant differences between the mathematical models established compared to the results by standard EN 14214.