Sentidos sobre ética em conversas profissionais: perspectivas discursivas

Abstract

The questionings about the human action, the search for definitions of right and wrong, good and bad, and the investigation into the best behavior for specific situations of our everyday lives have been made for a long time by innumerous authors of various philosophies, history times and different social conditions. All these questionings are acknowledged as belonging to the Ethics field. As a result of this prolific area of studies, there are different theoretical and conceptual positions covering a broad spectrum of ideals of behavior. The present study, inspired by the post-modern perspectives expressed by the Social Constructionism in a general way, and more specifically by the Discursive Psychology, tried to describe the meanings of ethics that organize the conversations of professional psychologists that conduct group practices in order to contribute to the ethical reflection in the context of group practices in Psychology. Ten psychologists who coordinate groups in Uberlândia-MG, whose ages range between 23 and 49 years-old, took part in this study. The corpus constitution was made through the transcription of conversations of group meetings with psychologists who conduct these group practices in different areas. There were two groups of five participants; each group got together five times at every two weeks in a two-hour meeting. Their objective was to provide the psychologists with a space for exchange and reflection on the ethical issues of working in groups. The material analysis was made according to the proposals of the discourse analysis influenced by the perspective of Social Constructionism as it is understood and practiced by Discursive Psychology, especially using the analytic-theoretical feature of interpretative repertoires. The discursive analysis performed enabled the identification of five basic interpretative repertoires: Ethics: a result of individual deliberation , which is characterized by descriptions of the process and content of ethics centered at a specific time, located within the individual; \"Ethics: something given to us by Others\", which characterized the source of ethics as being outside the individuals, regardless of their will; \"Ethics: difficult subject\" in which descriptions are used to refer to the difficulty of reflecting about the ethical phenomenon;\"Ethics - critical event disturbing the order \", which consists of terms that describe specific situations in which the theme of ethics has the war metaphor as reference; Ethics frequent issue of absolute value\", which is marked by the metaphor of sameness, in which events are all similar and have the same theme_ Ethics_ and cannot be differentiated by intensity. This study enabled a reflection on the epistemological assumptions that guide the construction of these repertoires in a broader way, delineating the first three in the sphere of subject-object dualism and the last two tuned in the reflection on the social and historical situation of the definitions of the meanings of ethical actions. Thereby, this study tried to emphasize the importance of thinking about the project of conversations about professional Ethics focusing on ways of being together and producing meanings that are more sensitive to the issues of social and historical insertion of the professional agents, their own profession and the groups served by the health professionals.