Construção narrativa e campo de ficção : uma forma de pensar a clínica psicanalítica

Abstract

This investigation arose from the need to find conceptual and theoretical support for certain clinical trials experienced with some patients were called narratives. From three clinical experiences, the research developed the hypothesis that the setting in the care of critically ill patients is configured by opening a field of fiction and interpretation may be through narrative construction. These clinical trials were being re-woven and woven throughout the development of research, so that the end is configured both as cause and product of research, and the construction of the dissertation took place in the après-coup. Initially, it was taken over the "Schreber case" of Freud that although not a treatment, appears as an analysis of a fictional work / patient critically ill through a narrative construction, the Freudian text. With the exploration of this "case" Freud, attempted to seize the psychoanalytic method in action, as understood by the theory of fields resulting in approach between narratives and delirium. The investigation of the "Schreber case" unfolded in another, where it was considered the place and the psychic economy with which Freud treated the imaginary creations in the course of production of knowledge. Before this survey, was considered the relationship with the double and the otherness existing between Psychoanalysis and Literature and the fictional character of the psychoanalytic method. Reasonable approximations between literature and psychoanalysis have been considered in several aspects: in the construction of their knowledge about human beings, in common usage the power of speech, narration and imagination and finally the sharing of a single historical moment. In that sense, Walter Benjamin's theories have become indispensable tools-ideas that were articulated: modernity, romanticism, the crisis of the narrative, the emergence of psychoanalysis, remembering the past or salvation, the social dimension of the subject, the art of narrating and telling stories or building fables. At the end of these considerations entering in the function of belief, as defined by Fabio Herrmann, come to the imaginary object. Therefore, we consider more particularly the concept of fantasy to Freud, Lacan, Herrmann and also take up the concept of Winnicott's potential space in order to delve into the foundations of narrative construction. From the reprint of these clinical trials, could articulate the following: the setting - as it restricts the transfer to protect it from interference from everyday reality - comes with the treatment by identification of the analyst-patient and asks to be constantly rebuilt by reasons arising out of your own course of treatment. In the case of critically ill patients, the construction of setting demand psychic survival of the analyst ahead the necessary identification with a kind of fragmentation and/or mental rigidity. This psychic survival generates condition to wait and allows the construction of the setting, it was possible through the foray into the literary universe / fictional.