Caracterização de antígenos de Neospora caninum com potencial para produção de insumos em diagnóstico, profilaxia e proteção na neosporose

Abstract

Neospora caninum, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa and is ubiquitously distributed in the environment. This parasite has epidemiological and economical importance to cause disease in livestock, especially cattle, fostering considerable economic losses for the country. This thesis comprises two chapters involved the characterization study of antigens from N. caninum in different models of experimental infection. In the first chapter, the profile of cross-reactivity between N. caninum and Toxoplasma gondii was evaluated in an experimental infections in a mouse model. Our results indicated the presence of apical recognition of N. caninum as indicative of cross-reactivity by immunofluorescence. Animals infected with N. caninum showed high cross-reactivity for soluble antigens of T. gondii (STAg and STAg-TgESA) by ELISA. On the other hand, soluble antigens of N. caninum (NLA and NLA-NcESA) showed less heterologous recognition. The secreted-excreted antigens (NcESA) comprise the antigenic fraction with the highest potential to distinguish infection by the parasites, profile that is not observed in the same antigenic extract of T. gondii. We observed cross-reactivity to N. caninum in fractions of NLA with high molecular weight (80-110 kDa) and bands above 32 kDa and 64 kDa for NLA-NcESA and NcESA, respectively. Thus, antigenic fractions smaller than 32 kDa of the NLA and 60 kDa to NcESA are possible candidates for the diagnosis of neosporosis with a significant decrease of the possibility of cross-reactivity between the parasite in question. In Chapter II, we characterized the profile of antigen recognition of N. caninum in bovine experimental infection. The animals were seropositive after 15 days of infection and occurred prevalence of specific IgG2/IgG1 to NLA in begin of infection and after reinfection. However, a slight predominance of IgG1 over IgG2 anti-NcESA was observed in the late phase. IgM and IgA were found to be produced at different times of infection, which could not be associated with the acute phase of neosporosis. Avidez Index (AI) <50% and AI>70% were associated with early and late phases of infection, respectively. Bands of 29 and 36 kDa of NLA were immunodominant to IgG antibodies and its subclasses (IgG1 and IgG2). Distinct bands of this same fraction were recognized by IgG1 and IgG2 (59-60, 80 and 110 kDa) and IgA (32 kD) after reinfection. However, bands of 42 and 50 kDa in total antigens of N. caninum were immunodominant for IgG (Total, IgG1, IgG2) and IgM antibodies during infection, with the recognition of 15 and 24 kDa for IgG and 24 and 28 kDa for IgA as indicators for reinfection in bovine neosporosis. When NcESA was measured, we observed IgG(+) and IgM(-) toward antigens of 32 and 36 kDA with profile association with the chronic infection and 32 kDa recognized by IgG1 and 30 and 32 kDa by IgA as reinfection markers. Thus, the associations of different diagnostic techniques with different antigenic fractions may elucidate the profile of infection with N. caninum favoring specific distinction between the early stages, late and of reinfection in neosporosis.