Cinética de detecção de coproantígenos e de antígenos, anticorpos e imunocomplexos em amostras de soro e de lavado bronco alveolar de ratos imunossuprimidos e experimentalmente infectados por Strongyloides venezuelensis

Abstract

The definitive diagnosis of strongyloidiasis is normally done by detection of larvae on faecal samples; however, the number of parasites is limited in most cases and the elimination of larvae is irregular. Thus, developing reliable serological methods for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis becomes imperative. The aim of this study was to establish a coproantigen ,antigen, antibody and immune complex detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples of non immunosuppressed or immunosuppressed rats experimentally infected with Strongyloides venezuelensis. For kinetics of coproantigen detection (0 and 5, 8, 13 and 21 days post-infection (d.p.i)), we used an anti-L3 polyclonal antibody produced in rabbits. For antigen and immune complex detection in serum and BALF samples (0 and 2, 5, 8, 13 and 21d.p.i), the microtitre plates were coated with IgG anti-S. venezuelensis and with alkaline parasite extract for antibody detection. The statistical analysis were analyzed using Two Way ANOVA, followed by the Bonferroni test. The criterion for statistical significance was set at p<0,05. The number of eggs/g of faeces recovered at 8 d.p.i was significantly higher for non immunosuppressed and immunosuppressed animals (p<0.01). The coproantigen detection was significantly higher at 13° d.p.i in non immunosuppressed (p<0.05) and in immunosuppressed it was anticipated to the 5th d.p.i. It was observed that antigen detection in serum samples was not a good approache for evaluating the infection however in BALF samples it showed superior results. In immunosuppressed animals, IgG specific for S. venezuelensis was preferentially detected during the 5° and 13° d.p.i and in immunosuppressed animals, during the entire experimental kinetics. In BALF samples, antibodies detection was observed from the 8° to the 21° d.p.i in non immunosuppressed animals and in immunosuppressed animals it was anticipatedto the 2° d.p.i, with higher reactivity at 5° d.p.i (p<0.05). The immune complex detection in serum samples of the non immunosuppressed animals was observed from the 5° to the 13° d.p.i and in immunosuppressed animals, during the entire kinetics. In BALF samples, immune complex detection was higher in non immunosuppressed animals. In conclusion, coproantigen and immune complex detection in serum and BALF samples are alternatives for early strongyloidiasis diagnosis, mainly in immunocompromised cases.