Avaliação do processo evolutivo e da dinâmica erosiva: um estudo de caso no município de Ipameri-GO

Abstract

The municipal district of Ipameri has his economy based in agricultural activities that it unchained a series of erosive processes. This study had as objective a bibliographical revision about the fundamental aspects of the erosive process and the factors that condition his development. For demonstration of her evolution monitoring techniques were used, with the intention of relating rain data, characteristics of the soil and vegetable covering. It was selected a ramification that presented great activity, for determination of her evolution in a period of two years. It was installed inside the gully a drain for monitoring of the flow and collection of transported sediment The collected material was analyzed in the Laboratório de Geomorfologia e Erosão de Solos -UFU, to obtain information on the granulometry. It was possible to quantify the evolution of the borders of the gully and to identify the responsible mechanisms. The: regression, erosion goes fall of water, therefore that the superficial drainage i the main factor goes the development of these process. The analysis granulometry of the material determined that the transport dynamics vary in agreement with the pluviometric index that alters the volume of the flow that consequently increase his/her transport capacity. The material collected in the walls of the gully presented a plasticity index between 6 and 15% indicating that it is an area that presents measured resistance the erosion interns, what determines that the main responsible factor for the erosive dynamics is the drainage superficial. The evolution of the gully has as cause the effects of natural factors as the characteristics of the soil, because it is treated of a soil that can be divided in three layers being to superior a loamier layer, second composed by pebbles of originated quartz of the own rock and a third that it is the altered rock, in that way the explanation can come for the mass movements, since the third layer is sandier is therefore crumblier, another factor is the topography that contributed to the formation of the superficial drainage and the characteristics of the rains. The erosion of the soil manifest as the biggest problem for the people who make the use of the land.