A influência das elites e das políticas públicas na configuração do espaço urbano : uma crítica a partir do setor leste de Uberlândia (MG)

Abstract

Cities are configured to serve the interests of a particular dominant group, formed by the political and economic elite, which articulate with each other actions that benefit the restricted shares. Thus, the urban space, as well as social aspects, is contradictory and uneven, damaging much of the population that depends on the infrastructure, arranged by public authorities and entrepreneurs, to work, study, play, or live. Urban public policies developed in Brazil from the 1988 Federal Constitution, represented progress toward democratization of cities, as opposed to the logic of interests focused on real estate speculation. However, the instruments created by the Brazilian legislation are not used fully, hindering the formation of fair cities. The union of political agents to real estate developers and landowners results in works that disrupt the dynamics of urban space, benefiting certain regions over others. In this sense, the objective of this study is to analyze, from the Eastern Sector of Uberlandia (MG), the formation of urban space through planning legislation and policies and economic joints that result in the contradictions of the city. For this, we analyzed some important characters and events in the history of the city, the actions of entrepreneurs, politicians and the elite who designed the city from the progressive and elitist concept. The formation of urban policies in Brazil, which culminated in the Municipal Master Plans and the Statute of the City, were addressed and the Master Plans of Uberlandia (MG) analyzed. Finally, there was the study, under the critical bias, of the production of space in Sector East of the city. The choice of this sector from Uberlandia (MG), as the object of study is justified by speculative interests who designed the formation of the region\'s districts and the dynamic of investments concentrated in the sector, the major infrastructure and urban facilities in the city. The political interest for the development of the Eastern Sector is evidenced by the joints between the government and the landowners, forming, however, structured centralities and peripheries without infrastructure. The procedures used were based on research related to the authors who discuss the construction of urban space influenced by capital, the works related to urban dynamics of Uberlandia (MG) and characters, enterprises and policies that participated in the formation of urban space Eastern sector of the city. Despite the spatial area of the analysis of the production of the city, this study contains the proposal to illustrate the constitution of the urban environment by economic forces, as can occur in other locations.