Mapeamento multitemporal e conversão do uso da terra a partir da expansão canavieira no Triângulo Mineiro (2000-2010)

Abstract

It can be observed that the areas of the culture of sugar cane have expanded its borders in Brazil, replacing the areas formerly occupied by pastures and agriculture. Amendment explained by the increased demand for ethanol, biofuel. Brazil is the leading producer of cane sugar, with a production of 400 million tons of cane harvested. According to UDOP (2011). Minas Gerais excels in the production of cane sugar from the 1990s, which evidences a public policy to encourage sugar mills to produce sugar cane. This research aims to map the expansion of cane sugar in the Triângulo Mineiro which consists of the regions: Uberlândia, Uberaba, Ituiutaba and Frutal, and how this process has led to the replacement of the areas of crop, pasture and natural vegetation cover monoculture said. We used the images (Landsat and RapidEye), georeferencing was done in SPRING 5.2 (free GIS software, available at INPE). The Digital Processing of Images and classification on the computer screen were made in the software SPRING 5.2. The research result shows that there was an increase of 244,408 ha compared to 2000, a period when there were 389,004 ha of cane sugar, an increase of 62%. The micro-region that had the largest area planted to the crop was region Uberaba with approximately 276,500 ha, followed by micro-Frutal with 249,544 ha, with 91,190 Uberlândia and Ituiutaba with 72,373 ha. There was an increase of 228,759 ha from 2000 to 2005. The data indicate that most of the areas of expansion of cane sugar occurred on pastures, followed by agriculture, natural vegetation and then lastly forestry. Mapped in the first period (2000-2005), most of the incorporation of new areas of cane sugar occurred on pastures with 56%, followed by the incorporation of other agricultural uses: 32% natural vegetation: 10 % and forestry: 2% from 228,759 ha expansion. In the second period there was an expansion of mapped 15,649, the category of other agricultural uses increased from 32% to 43%, as grazing goes from 56% to 46% of 15,649 hectares. The dynamic incorporation of new land for cane sugar begins in the first study period (2000-2005), giving up, especially on the areas of grassland. For the period 2005-2010 there is a larger appropriation than in the first period of the areas that were once destined for other agricultural uses.