A constituição de sentidos políticos em livros didáticos de geografia na ótica da análise do discurso

Abstract

The objective of this work is to understand the constitution of senses in the political discourse under the perspective of Geography in textbooks which are written for the high school level teaching of that discipline. With both Political Geography and Geopolitics mediation on discursive formation, political discourse materialized on textual support on researching was taken as the object of research. Confrontation between the Geography epistemological reform and the ideological re-orientation of Brazilian education, was considered. The confrontation puts into debate the dimension of society political relationships and citizenship formation in the context of Geography teaching. After getting to know the net of high school level state schools in Uberlândia (MG) that is composed by 24 schools, six textbooks of Geography that are used by the teachers were listed. Two textbooks were selected which are for the most part adopted. They are Geografia Geral e do Brasil, by Elian Alabi Lucci, Anselmo Lazaro Branco and Cláudio Mendonça, and Geografia, by Lúcia Marina Alves de Almeida and Tércio Barbosa Rigolin. Discourse Analysis of French line, which is a Linguistics field of study, was the theoretical and methodological support for the analysis of language practices in the textbook being this one the expression of schools discourse. That allowed the comprehension of some Geography meanings and their expression in the textbook, specifically the intermediation of political Geography, whose role is important for the formation of this science and the teaching of it. For that, in a macro-instance, the constituent trajectory of the textbook of Geography was followed with special attention to political discourse. The text was enrolled in a pedagogical, economical and legislative conjuncture that conditions its production and circulation; the approach has subsidized another one: a discursive micro-instance that is crossed by discourse notions, discursive formation, subject, sense, silence, statement, memory, among others. In this way, taking the selected books as corpora, beginning with the fragments of the mentioned object and in the wide context previously re-built by the discursive analysis, we approached the political discourse in the corpora with the help of a discursive constitutivity, sense production, heterogeneity and silencing processes. The initial hypothesis was that the importance of citizenship in contemporary basic education and the participation of Geography teaching reveal, in the verticality of the discussions, a series of contradictions in the scenery of the geographical education. The hypothesis was confirmed by the analysis when the linguistic expression of the Geography textbook, silencing and disappearing processes related to the subject-reader were proved to exist. There are also certain debates concerning a geographical presentation of the world what leads to a relative division between the subject and the world, when this subject constructs statements and his citizen s identity.