Uso de leguminosas arbóreas no controle da evolução de voçoroca no domínio do cerrado

Abstract

This study was conducted at the experimental station of Fazenda do Glória , Uberlândia- MG. The objective was to evaluate the use of alternative, low cost recovery of gullies with revegetation and plant barriers. Gully is the most advanced stage of erosion processes and its recovery is a challenge, especially in the condition of emerged water table. The surveys were divided into five aiming tests: 1. Monitoring and determining the percentage of soil humidity within the canal. 2. Evaluating the behavior of Gliricidia sepium growth in two environments: in a gully with emerged water table and off the gully in Cerrado. 3. Evaluating the performance of Gliricidia sepium planted directly in the field from cuttings, in a gully, having the substrate as variable. 4. Evaluating the establishment of native species (Cytharexyllum myrianthum, Erythrina mulungu, Inga floribundus and Croton uruguensis) within a gully, in comparison with exotic species (Gliricidia sepium). 5. Monitoring the barriers established by bioengineering and Gliricidia sepium, the establishment of seedlings and the barrier contribution during a rainy season. Soil physico-chemical analyzes were carried out within the canal and the Cerrado. The species monitoring was carried out by monthly phytometric evaluations (plant height, crown width and stem diameter) and photographic records. The surveys were conducted between April 2009 and October 2011, using SISVAR program for statistical analysis. Data were submitted to ANAVA (Proc. SISVAR), applying Scott-Knott test to the treatment averages. It was observed that: the rainy season is directly related to the gully growth; soil humidity in the canal follows the rains, remaining high even after the rainy season; soil water is ruled by rainfall that regulates subsurface water flowing in the research area; Gliricidia sepium shows itself promising for recovery of gullies that have soil humidity levels ranging from 10% to 30% during the year; the species has presented good ability to adapt in the Cerrado area at the Triângulo Mineiro; Gliricidia sepium produced from cuttings has not presented significant difference on its growth regarding the substrate within the gully; Cytharexyllum myrianthum and Croton floribundus have presented very low growth and survival averages, not being indicated for planting in gullies with emerged water table; the native Inga uruguensis and Erythrina mulungu responded positively to the gully environmental conditions with high survival rate; the barriers were effective in energy dissipation and containment of sediment assessed in a wet season; one year after implantation, Gliricidia showed 71.02% survival in the barriers; the use of Gliricidia sepium interspersed with bamboo is a viable possibility of living barrier for use in gullies with emerged water table in the first year evaluation.