Caracterização, diagnóstico e zoneamento ambiental: o exemplo da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Formiga-TO

Abstract

This thesis proposes na Environmental Zoning of watershed under the perspective of the landscape, the Geography category of analysis, adopting as studied area the River Basin of Formiga River in the state of Tocantins. This Basin covers the land area of the municipalities of Ipueiras, Santa Rosa do Tocantins, Silvanópolis and Pindorama do Tocantins. It also brings an opportunity for discussion the methodological application of the current geotechnologies and the adoption of the river basin, a reflex of the landscape dynamics, as an analysis cell. The methodology applied follows the guidelines recommended by Crepani et. all.(2001) and it determines for the area Natural Landscape Units classified according to its stability/environmental vulnerability. From these units, we performed thematic crosses in Spring/INPE software through Spatial Language for Algebraic GIS and we performed zoning for the area. We did the zoning of the basin in areas of Critical Environmental Landscape (according to the Forest Cod and Conama No. 303), which are areas that preserve or should be preserved as permanent preservation areas and riparian areas considered hilltops and thus they have legal impediment human occupation. As detected, APP areas with uses are incompatible and must be recovered and destined to preservation. There were also certain areas determinate as areas of Consolidated Productive Landscape classified according to stability/environmental vulnerability. Thus, we have 113,78 km² of basin area classified as Stable; 1.171,73 km² of moderately stable areas; areas classified as Moderately Stable/Vulnerable represent 362,80 km² of the area; and, finally, Vulnerable areas occupy only 22 km² of the basin area, representing only 1% of the total area. We didn t do the zoning of Vulnerable Consolidated Productive Landscape for the river basin of Formiga River. These areas are configured by an incompatibility between polygons of anthropic action and natural stability/vulnerability of the basin.