Sofrimento, a transvaloração da dor: o diálogo dos mundos ocidente e oriente a partir do conceito de Niilismo em Nietzsche

Abstract

This paper starts from the deepest motivation for such research, investigating the subject suffering through the eyes of nietzschean western philosophy and the eastern Buddhist one, with the intention of bringing philosophy to practical life and benefit of man. It proposes to question the recognition of the existence of the philosophy of the East and the relevance of its approach to the West, when contemporary philosophers expose studies that suggest the influence of Buddhist thought in Nietzsche despite the time and distance that separate them. This study presents Nietzsche´s critical about the truth and morality imposed, his quest for human liberation and the meaning of existence in tragic art, offering the affirmative for life in all instances, pleasure and pain. Amor fati, or loving the life as possibility to overcome the state of decay for the revaluation of pain. Nietzsche explores the character\'s active nihilism of deconstruction for the new opening. Then taken up a dialogue between two currents of thought that no longer need to compete, but opening up, mainly because both the Nietzschean philosophy and Buddhism hold the belief that the entire transformation process is experiential, and both depart one point in common: the man´s ability of overcoming. Nishitani, considered the Japanese philosopher who expressed concern over the problem of modern nihilism demonstrates the relevance of their studies, more specifically on the teachings of Nagarjuna, estimated as the second Buddha adhered to the philosophical questions of Buddhism, whose philosophy is driven by term sunyata, translated as emptiness. Phenomena, like the ego are impermanent and empty, mental representations, or pure illusion, pointing to the relative fusion of uniqueness in all. The meaning of emptiness is translated in five natures - not known in other words, peaceful, devoid of elaborations, transcending conceptualization and free from duality what should not be taken as empty nihilistic but understood as dependent origination. The two philosophical currents studied in this paper have important similarities in their thinking: the unveiling of truth and illusion, the negation of the ego and its relation to the whole unit, impermanence and non-duality as nature common to all and the realization of nihilism or emptuness as a way to rescue the will to power and transvaluation of values, able to lead the way out of suffering, freedom of human being.