Regulador de tensão com comutação eletrônica de taps análise de operação e proteção das chaves estáticas

Abstract

The interconnected operation of large electrical systems and the fast spreading of the electrical sector with an increasing presence of sensitive loads to supply voltage disturbances demanded that the current laws to adapt to consumer needs, for example, to ensure the maintenance of constant voltage levels throughout the feeders of the electrical power distribution grid. From this point of view, the voltage regulator has been one of the most used equipments so as to correct or restrict the short-term voltage variations in the distribution grids, whether rural or urban. This equipment, in its most traditional form, is made of an autotransformer with an automatic tap changer mechanism, which, because of its mechanic operation, is slow and incapable of responding dynamically to the short-term voltage variations on loads, which may cause damages to harms to both the of electrical power consumers, and the utility companies. On such account, this dissertation has the aim of developing a computational model of a control system, which is considered intelligent able to make electronic on-load tap commutation, limiting the amplitude and duration of load voltage variations to within the values allowed by the rules and regulations. To ensure the operational continuity of this type of regulator it was necessary to develop an analytical study of on electromagnetic transients that occur during commutations. By means of this study, a system to protect the semiconductor switches against overvoltages and short-circuit currents was implemented in the Alternative Transients Program software.