Pré-dimensionamento de estruturas de madeira, de aço e de concreto para auxílio à concepção de projetos arquitetônicos

Abstract

The pre design consists of initial estimate of the cross section dimensions of structural elements. For the architect, it has the important function of enabling more real the design of the building. It also helps to understand the behavior of the structure, leading to a coherent and functional design. To the structural engineer, the pre design enters as a tool for determining the dimensions of cross section, that is needed in the design process. In most cases, the pre design is done based the intuition and experience of the engineer. In this work, the formulations and analysis are mainly discussed for common buildings, where the material of the structure is steel, wood or concrete. The calculation of the section is made from the designed structural project, which defines the spans, supports and loads. The dimensions are obtained from the formulations of the Strength of Materials, easy to use and understand, and empirical formulations, where support and loadings conditions are defined in a simplified manner. The updating parameter for approximate formulations is the design traditionally done according to the standards. Analyzes are also make of the pre design formulations for existing buildings as a way of measure their approach to practical the structural designs. The results show that it is possible to create simple formulas for pre design, leading to a good approximation of design values, which makes this approach a useful tool in architectural design.