Uma visão sobre o uso de fôrmas e escoramentos em cidades de grande, médio e pequeno porte do Brasil Central e as novas diretrizes normativas

Abstract

The system of formwork and shoring is very important in construction because it represents the basis of the production process of structures in concrete. It is important economically, and also represents the basis for the geometric definition of concrete structural parts. For contributing on the subject, this work presents a review of the concept of formworks and its applicability. It also brings information about new and alternative materials on the current market, highlighting the model in wood, in particular, plywood, being the most common material used as formwork. In conjunction with the review it was conducted a field research in cities of different population sizes in the Middle Brazil. This was accomplished by applying a questionnaire, for knowing the systems used and other details of the activity. It was found that the construction process needs to progress and gain the necessary importance. In most cases, the process occurs without the existence of structural project. In other cases the project exists, but is not followed. Much can be refined to ensure the efficiency that the system demands. By a numerical example it was shown the possible savings resulting from a planned conduct and based on the code guidelines in force. It was also carried out the applicability of the ABNT NBR 15696:2009, a new Brazilian code for formwork and shoring. It was made comparisons with numerical examples presented in the literature, based on new concepts and procedures. Results were satisfactory.