Estudo sobre a utilização da modalidade aérea em substituição à modalidade rodoviária em determinadas condições

Abstract

This work studies an alternative for the road freight transport, owing to some conditions that it has been taking place, in the late years, and if made factor of great importance in the decision among alternatives for the freight transport. Among these conditions, the road transport presents drawbacks due to the process of concession at present in force and with expressive number of tolls, to the precarious conditions of the Brazilian highways with the road surfaces in advanced state of deterioration, to the uncertainty as for the conditions of security in the distance, on account of the elevated number of robberies of load that compromise the reliability or, for other reasons, like stoppages of the drivers. That can put the air transportation like an alternative, in spite of the economical wrapped costs. Besides these conditions, can be able to add the growing necessity for ways of quicker transports and attend the market that more and more speed, security and reliability demand, strong points of the air transport. So, this study analyses some economical existent conditions between the origin and the destination on basis of the types of products and conditions of transport that can make the air mode like an option into the freight transport. Based on technical concepts, it was identified the elements that compose the costs of the road freight transport and, calibrated a model to obtain the freight in function of the demand and of the traveled distance. In the air mode, there were studied the elements that compose the cost of the air transport, had been research and fulfilled lists of freight. Besides the costs, it was also analyzed: speed, availability, capacity, frequency and security, factors of relevant importance at the moment of the choice of most adapted modality in each situation. With the available data and study conditions defined, the analysis for the decision about the best option could be taking. The results showed that, from the economical point of view, the air transportation can be viable in short routes, in other words, that who present traveled distance less than 1.000 km. In medium and long routes - traveled distance that varies between 1.001 to 4.000 km - the air transportation did not appear competitive from the economical point of view. In these routes, the air transportation deserves distinction in the query rapid, so the time of delivery was not superior than two days, whereas the road transportation depends from ten to twelve days to carry out the delivery. In spite of showing up in the shy form, the air transportation joins characteristics, principally security, speed, reliability, which they enable for the development and sustainable growth in the sector of transports of load.