Diversidade de abelhas e vespas solitárias (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) que nidificam em ninhos-armadilha disponibilizados em áreas de cerrado e em fragmentos próximos de mata estacional semidecidual- MG

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterize the community of bees and wasps wich nesting in preexisting cavities relation to diversity, degree of overlap in the types of trap-nests occupied, sex ratio and natural enemies. The study was conducted in two fragments of Semideciduous Forest (SF) and in two areas of Cerrado (CE) in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from March 2009 to April 2010. MES areas were Glória Experimental Farm (GEF), Uberlândia-MG, and Furnas Farm (FUF), Araguari-MG. CE areas, both located in Uberlândia-MG, were the Panga Ecological Station (PES) and Água Limpa Experimental Station (ALES). The present work used two types of trap nests (TN), bamboo canes (BC) and black cardboard tubes (CT). Monthly inspections were conducted in the areas of study. In CE areas, were collected 11 bee species and 5 wasp species in ALES and in PES were sampled 8 bee species and 4 wasp species. As for the areas of SF were collected 8 bee species and 6 wasp species in GEF and 4 bee species and 6 wasp species in FUF. SF areas (H SF= 2.13 e J SF= 0.77) showed high diversity and uniformity indexes than those found in the areas of CE (H CE= 1.66 e J CE=0.59) and the percentage of similarity between these areas was PS= 47,36%. However, when Centris analis, the most abundant species, was excluded from the analysis the opposite pattern occurred (H CE = 2.25 e J CE = 0.81) > (H SF = 2.03 e J SF = 0.75) and the percentage of similarity increased to PS= 64.32%. The species accumulation curves indicated greater richness to GEF compared to FUF and ALES in relation to the PES, the curves did not reach asymptote. The nesting biology of the species was affected by seasonality. Regarding the type of substrate, most nests were founded in BC with less than 1.0 cm diameter, the species of bees Centris analis, Centris tarsata, Tetrapedia curvitarsis, Tetrapedia diversipes and wasp species Trypoxylon rogenhoferi, Trypoxylon lactitarse e Trypoxylon sp. used both types of available TN. The association between sex ratio, area and the seasons was observed for the most abundant species, C. analis, T. curvitarsis and Trypoxylon sp.. There were recorded 10 species of natural enemies of 9 families, being Anthrax oedipus the most generalist parasite species regarding host species and C. analis the most parasitized species. To detect the interaction pattern of communities of SF and CE, hosp-parasite interactions networks were built, which revealed asymetric patterns of interaction. Regarding the analysis of similarity between areas, ALES was more similar to PES, while the FUF was the more distinct among the four areas studied.