Adoção no Brasil à luz do Neoconstitucionalismo

Abstract

In Brazil, more than 80 000 children live into foster care, but only 10% of this total are available for adoption - the others are awaiting if their status: return to parents, adoption or continued foster care. Children removed from the biological family that have more than three years old, are black, male, or have special needs are not desired by those who wish to adopt. In 2009, was enacted the Law of Adoption Law n. 12.010/09, which is proposed to bring effectiveness to the right to family of institutionalized children and adolescents. After the movement of the new constitutionalism into the civil law, it is important verify if the current model of adoption has compatibility with the current paradigm of positive law in Brazil, especially in the legal recognition of affection and care for the protection of fundamental rights. Also, this study proposes to investigate how the state can or should interfere with regard to adoptions of children and adolescents, considering the different types of adoption admitted in Brazil and in other countries. From this perspective the questions are: how to make Brazilian s adoption model appropriate to new constitutionalism? The adoption, after the enactment of Law 12.010/09, attends the fundamental rights printed in the Federal Constitution and other laws? The right of familiar living and other principles and rights are being protected by law operators? To find the answers, this work elected to theoretical research, with compiling and review of bibliography on the themes proposed. Also, was adopted the documentary research, with analysis of relevant legislation, jurisprudence, foreign law, and statistical analysis. It is expected, with the study of the theme proposed, bring proposals for improving the posture of the law operator facing the issues of child adoption. Finally, it is expected that this research encourage public policies that promote the effective access of the child and adolescent's rights.